Слова Аллаха: ﴾فَإِنْأَعْرَضُواْ﴿ «Если же они отвернутся», — имеются в виду многобожники, ﴾فَمَآأَرْسَلْنَٰكَعَلَيْهِمْحَفِيظاً﴿ «то ведь Мы не посылали тебя их хранителем», — т.е. ты ничего не сможешь с этим поделать. ﴾فَإِنَّمَاعَلَيْكَٱلْبَلَٰغُوَعَلَيْنَاٱلْحِسَابُ﴿ «На тебя возложена только передача(откровения), а Нам надлежит предъявлять счет»(Сура 13, аят 40). То же самое Аллах сказал в этой суре: ﴾إِنْعَلَيْكَإِلاَّٱلْبَلَٰغُ﴿
«На тебя возложена только передача » — т.е. Мы возложили на тебя только одну миссию — донести до них Послание.
Затем Аллах говорит:
﴾وَإِنَّآإِذَآأَذَقْنَاٱلإِنسَٰنَمِنَّارَحْمَةًفَرِحَبِهَا﴿ «И поистине, Мы, когда даём человеку вкусить Нашу милость, он радуется ей». Другими словами, когда Аллах наделяет человека благоденствием, он ликует. ﴾وَإِنتُصِبْهُمْ﴿ «а если их постигнет» — т.е. людей, ﴾سَيِّئَةٌ﴿ «зло», — например, засуха, возмездие, испытание или иное бедствие, ﴾فَإِنَّٱلإِنسَٰنَكَفُورٌ﴿ «то поистине человек(становится)
неблагодарен», — т.е. он забывает об оказанных ему ранее милостях, и его заботит только то, что происходит с ним в настоящий момент. В благополучное для него время человек становится высокомерным и заносчивым. Когда же его постигает несчастье, он теряет надежду и впадает в отчаяние.
Посланник Аллаха
(Да благословит его Аллах и приветствует!) сказал: إنأصابتهسراءشكر،فكانخيراًله،وإنأصابتهضراءصبرفكانخيراًله،وليسذلكلأحدإلاللمؤمن «Если что-нибудь радует его, он благодарит(Аллаха), и это становится для него благом, если же его постигает горе, он проявляет терпение, и это(тоже) становится для него благом. И не дано это никому кроме верующего».
Answer the Call of your Lord before there comes from Allah a Day which cannot be averted. You will have no refuge on that Day nor there will be for you any denying (47)But if they turn away, We have not sent you as a Hafiz over them. Your duty is to convey. And verily, when We cause man to taste of mercy from Us, he rejoices there at; but when some evil befalls them because of the deeds which their hands have sent forth, then verily, man (becomes) ingrate (48)
Encouragement to obey Allah before the Day of Resurrection
When Allah tells us about the horrors and terrifying events of the Day of Resurrection, He warns us about it and commands us to prepare for it:
اسْتَجِيبُوا لِرَبِّكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ
(Answer the Call of your Lord before there comes from Allah a Day which cannot be averted.) means, once He issues the command, it will come to pass within the blinking of an eye, and no one will be able to avert it or prevent it.
مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ مَلْجَإٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ
(You will have no refuge on that Day nor there will be for you any denying.) means, you will have no stronghold in which to take refuge, no place in which to hide from Allah, for He will encompass you with His knowledge and power, and you will have no refuge from Him except with Him.
يَقُولُ الْإِنْسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَيْنَ الْمَفَرُّ - كَلَّا لَا وَزَرَ - إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ
(On that Day man will say: "Where (is the refuge) to flee?" No! There is no refuge! Unto your Lord will be the place of rest that Day.)(75:10-12)
فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا
(But if they turn away,) refers to the idolators,
فَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا
(We have not sent you as a Hafiz over them.) means, 'you have no power over them.' And Allah says elsewhere:
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ
(Not upon you is their guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills)(2:272).
فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَاغُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْحِسَابُ
(your duty is only to convey (the Message) and on Us is the reckoning)(13:40). And Allah says here:
إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ ۗ
(Your duty is to convey.) meaning, 'all that We require you to do is to convey the Message of Allah to them.'
وَإِنَّا إِذَا أَذَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنَّا رَحْمَةً فَرِحَ بِهَا ۖ
(And verily, when We cause man to taste of mercy from Us, he rejoices there at;) means, when a time of ease and comfort comes to him, he is happy about it.
وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ
(but when befalls them) means mankind.
سَيِّئَةٌ
(some evil) means, drought, punishment, tribulation or difficulty,
فَإِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ كَفُورٌ
(then verily, man (becomes) ingrate!) means, he forgets the previous times of ease and blessings and acknowledges nothing but the present moment. If times of ease come to him, he becomes arrogant and transgresses, but if any difficulty befalls him, he loses hope and is filled with despair. This is like what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the women:
يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ، تَصَدَّقْنَ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُكُنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ النَّارِ
(O women, give in charity, for I have seen that you form the majority of the people of Hell.) A woman asked, "Why is that, O Messenger of Allah?" He said:
لِأَنَّكُنَّ تُكْثِرْنَ الشِّكَايَةَ وَتَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ، لَوْ أَحْسَنْتَ إِلىٰ إِحْدَاهُنَّ الدَّهْرَ ثُمَّ تَرَكْتَ يَوْمًا، قَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْكَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ
(Because you complain too much, and you are ungrateful to (your) husbands. If one of you were to be treated kindly for an entire lifetime, then that kindness was lacking for one day, she would say, 'I have never seen anything good from you!') This is the case with most women, except for those whom Allah guides and who are among the people who believe and do righteous deeds. As the Prophet ﷺ said, the believer is the one who:
إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ سَرَّاءُ شَكَرَ، فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ ضَرَّاءُ صَبَرَ، فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا لِلْمُؤْمِنِ
(...if something good happens to him, he is thankful, and that is good for him. If something bad happens to him, he bears it with patience, and that is good for him. This does not happen to anyone except the believer.)