Tafsir — Al-Baqarah 264

Those Messengers! We preferred some of them to others; to some of them Allah spoke (directly); others He raised to degrees (of honor); and to 'Isa, the son of Maryam, We gave clear proofs and evidences, and supported him with Ruh-il-Qudus [Jibril]. If Allah had willed, succeeding generations would not have fought against each other, after clear Verses of Allah had come to them, but they differed ـ some of them believed and others disbelieved. If Allah had willed, they would not have fought against one another, but Allah does what He wills (253) Allah Honored Some Prophets Above Others Allah states that He has honored some Prophets to others. For instance, Allah said, وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا (And indeed, We have preferred some of the Prophets above others, and to Dawud We gave the Zabur (Psalms))[17:55] In the Ayah above, Allah said, تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۘ مِّنْهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ (Those Messengers! We preferred some of them to others; to some of them Allah spoke (directly)) meaning, Musa and Muhammad ﷺ, and also Adam according to a Hadith recorded in Sahih Ibn Hibban from Abu Dharr. وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ (Others He raised to degrees (of honor)) as is evident in the Hadith about the Isra' journey, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw the Prophets in the various heavens according to their rank with Allah. If somebody asks about the collective meaning of this Ayah and the Hadith that the Two Sahihs collected from Abu Hurayrah which states, "Once, a Muslim man and a Jew had an argument and the Jew said, 'No, by Him Who gave Musa superiority over all human beings!' Hearing him, the Muslim man raised his hand and slapped the Jew on his face and said, 'Over Muhammad too, O evil one?!' The Jew went to the Prophet ﷺ and complained to him and the Prophet ﷺ said, لَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَصْعَقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَكُونُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يُفِيقُ، فَأَجِدُ مُوسَى بَاطِشًا بِقَائِمَةِ الْعَرْشِ، فَلَا أَدْرِي أَفَاقَ قَبْلِي أَمْ جُوزِيَ بِصَعْقَةِ الطُّورِ؟ فَلَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ (Don't give me superiority above the Prophets, for the people will become unconscious on the Day of Resurrection, and I will be the first to be resurrected to see Musa holding on to the pillar of Allah's Throne. I will not know whether the unconsciousness Musa suffered on the Day of the Trumpet sufficed for him, or if he got up before me. So, do not give me superiority above the Prophets.) In another narration, the Prophet ﷺ said, (Do not give superiority to some Prophets above others.) The answer to this question is that this Hadith prohibits preferring some Prophets above others in cases of dispute and argument, such as the incident mentioned in the Hadith. The Hadith indicates that it is not up to creation to decide which Prophet is better, for this is Allah's decision. The creation is only required to submit to, obey and believe in Allah's decision. Allah's statement, وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ (And We gave 'Isa, the son of Maryam, clear signs) refers to the proofs and unequivocal evidences that testify to the truth that 'Isa delivered to the Children of Israel, thus testifying that he was Allah's servant and His Messenger to them. وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ (And supported him with Ruh-il-Qudus) meaning Allah aided 'Isa with Jibil, peace be upon him. Allah then said, وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُم مَّن كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا (If Allah had willed, succeeding generations would not have fought against each other, after clear Verses of Allah had come to them, but they differed ـ some of them believed and others disbelieved. If Allah had willed, they would not have fought against one another.) meaning all this happened by Allah's decree, and this is why He said next, وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ (But Allah does what He wills.)

Entre estos mensajeros que te hemos mencionado, hemos favorecido a algunos en relación a otros en lo que se refiere a la Revelación, el número de adeptos y el rango. Hay a quienes Al‑lah habló directamente, como Moisés, otros a quienes elevó en rango, como Mujámmad r, quien fue enviado a toda la humanidad, con quien la profecía fue sellada y su pueblo fue favorecido en relación a los otros. Hemos dado a Jesús, hijo de María, milagros claros que prueban su carácter de profeta, como devolver la vida a los muertos y curar a los ciegos y los leprosos. Además, hemos hecho que Gabriel le dé sostén y le dé fuerza para realizar el designio de Al‑lah. Si Al‑lah lo hubiera querido, aquellos que vivieron después de los profetas no se habrían matado los unos a los otros luego de haber recibido los signos claros. Pero se enfrentaron y se dividieron. Algunos creyeron en Al‑lah y otros no creyeron en Él. Si Al‑lah hubiera querido, no hubieran combatido entre ellos, pero Al‑lah hace Su voluntad. Él guía a quien Él desea hacia la fe con Su misericordia y Su gracia, y extravía a quien Él desea con Su justicia y Su sabiduría.

アッラーは、あなたに言及されたそれらの諸使徒のうちの何人かを、啓示や追従者の数、地位などによって他者よりも恩遇した。ムーサーのようにアッラーが直接語りかけた者もいれば、ムハンマドのように高位を与えた者もいる。かれは最後の預言者として全人類に遣わされ、かれの国家は他のすべての共同体よりも優れたものとされた。また、アッラーはマルヤムの子イーサーに、死者を生き返らせたり、らい病や盲人を治癒したりさせ、かれの預言者としての使命を裏付ける明確な奇跡の数々を与えた。そしてアッラーによる指示の達成への力添えとして、天使ジブリールで支えた。もしアッラーが望んだならば、使徒たちの後の世代の者たちは、明確なしるしを受けた後、お互いに争ったりはしなかっただろう。しかし、かれらは相違し、分裂した。かれらの一部はアッラーを信仰し、他者はそれを拒否した。アッラーが望んだならば、かれらは互いに争うことはなかっただろう。しかし、アッラーは御意のまま行う。かれは慈悲と恩寵により、お望みの者を信仰に導くのだ。そして正義と英知によってお望みの者を迷わせる。