Tafsir — Al-A'raf 70

Indeed, We sent Nuh to his people and he said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no other god but Him. Certainly, I fear for you the torment of a Great Day! (59)The leaders of his people said: "Verily, we see you in plain error. (60)[Nuh] said: "O my people! There is no error in me, but I am a Messenger from the Lord of all that exists (61)I convey unto you the Messages of my Lord and give sincere advice to you. And I know from Allah what you know not. (62) The Story of Nuh and His People After Allah mentioned the story of Adam in the beginning of this Surah, He started mentioning the stories of the Prophets, the first then the latter of them. Allah mentioned the story of Nuh, because he was the first Messenger Allah sent to the people of the earth after Adam. His name was Nuh bin Lamak bin Matushalakh bin Khanukh. And Khanukh was, as they claim, the Prophet Idris. And Idris was the first person to write letters using pen, and he was the son of Barad bin Mahlil, bin Qanin bin Yanish bin Shith bin Adam, upon them all be peace. This lineage is mentioned by Muhammad bin Ishaq and other Imams who document lineage. Abdullah bin 'Abbas and several other scholars of Tafsir said that the first idol worship began when some righteous people died and their people built places of worship over their graves. They made images of them so that they could remember their righteousness and devotion, and thus, imitate them. When time passed, they made statues of them and later on worshipped these idols, naming them after the righteous people: Wadd, Suwa', Yaghuth, Ya'uq and Nasr. After this practice became popular, Allah sent Nuh as a Messenger, all thanks are due to Him. Nuh commanded his people to worship Allah alone without partners, saying, يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ ("O my people! Worship Allah! You have no other god but Him. Certainly, I fear for you the torment of a Great Day!") the torment of the Day of Resurrection, if you meet Allah while associating others with Him. قَالَ الْمَلَأُ مِن قَوْمِهِ (The leaders of his people said) meaning, the general public, chiefs, commanders and great ones of his people said, إِنَّا لَنَرَاكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ ("Verily, we see you in plain error") because of your calling us to abandon the worship of these idols that we found our forefathers worshipping. This, indeed, is the attitude of evil people, for they consider the righteous people to be following misguidance. Allah said in other Ayat, وَإِذَا رَأَوْهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَضَالُّونَ (And when they saw them, they said: "Verily, these have indeed gone astray!")[83:32] and, وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَوْ كَانَ خَيْرًا مَّا سَبَقُونَا إِلَيْهِ وَإِذْ لَمْ يَهْتَدُوا بِهِ فَسَيَقُولُونَ هَٰذَا إِفْكٌ قَدِيمٌ (And those who disbelieve say of those who believe: "Had it been a good thing, they (the weak and poor) would not have preceded us thereto!" And when they have not let themselves be guided by it (this Qur'an), they say: "This is an ancient lie!")[46:11] There are several other Ayat on this subject. قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ لَيْسَ بِي ضَلَالَةٌ وَلَٰكِنِّي رَسُولٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ([Nuh] said: "O my people! There is no error in me, but I am a Messenger from the Lord of all that exists!") meaning, there is nothing wrong with me, but I am a Messenger from the Lord of all that exists, Lord and King of all things, أُبَلِّغُكُمْ رِسَالَاتِ رَبِّي وَأَنصَحُ لَكُمْ وَأَعْلَمُ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ("I convey unto you the Messages of my Lord and give sincere advice to you. And I know from Allah what you know not.") This is the attribute of a Messenger, that he conveys using plain, yet eloquent words, offers sincere advice and is knowledgeable about Allah; indeed, no other people can compete with the Prophets in this regard. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his Companions on the Day of 'Arafah, when their gathering was as large as it ever was, أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّكُمْ مَسْؤُولُونَ عَنِّي فَمَا أَنْتُمْ قَائِلُونَ؟ (O people! You will be asked about me, so what will you say?) They said, "We testify that you have conveyed and delivered (the Message) and offered sincere advice." So he kept raising his finger to the sky and lowering it towards them, saying, اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَد (O Allah! Bear witness, O Allah! Bear witness.)

После того, как Аллах завершил историю об Адаме вначале суры, а также всего, что касается его и связано с ним, Аллах стал излагать истории о пророках(мир им) по порядку. Он начал с упоминания Нуха(мир ему), ведь именно он был первым посланным от Аллаха посланником к жителям земли после Адама(мир ему). Это Нух сын Ламака сына Муташалаха сына Хануха – пророка Идриса(мир ему), как считают некоторые. Идрис был первым, кто писал пером, он сын Барада сына Махлила сына Канина, сына Яныша сына Шиса сына Адама(мир им) . Такую цепочку приводит Мухаммад ибн Исхак и другие учёные. Период между Адамом и Нухом был в десять веков, согласно мнению ибн Аббаса и других знатоков тафсира. Среди них, были праведники, после смерти на могилах которых, были построены молельни, и в них были нарисованы их изображения, дабы помнить их и их поклонение, и брать с них пример. Но со временем люди сделали истуканов по подобию их портретов, а ещё позже стали поклоняться этим идолам. Так его народ стал первым, кто начал поклоняться идолам, они назвали их именами тех праведников: Вад, Суа' Ягус, Я'ук и Наср. Когда дело приняло серъёзный оборот, Всевышний Аллах послал Своего посланника Нуха (мир ему), и тот стал призывать их к поклонению Аллаху Единому без сотоварищей. В частности он сказал им:( يَـقَوْمِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَـهٍ غَيْرُهُ إِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ ) "О народ мой! Поклоняйтесь Аллаху, нет у вас другого божества, кроме Него! Я боюсь для вас наказания дня великого" – наказания в Судный день, когда вы встретите Аллаха, будучи многобожниками.

نوح علیه السلام را به عنوان رسولی به‌سوی قومش فرستادیم تا آنها را به توحید الله، و ترک عبادت غیر او دعوت دهد، پس به آنها گفت: ای قوم من، تنها الله را عبادت کنید، زیرا معبود برحقی جز او ندارید، - ای قوم من- به‌راستی‌که در حال پافشاری شما بر کفر، من از عذاب روزی بزرگ بر شما بیمناکم.